67 FR 188 pgs. 60923-60934 - Spinosad; Pesticide Tolerances
Type: RULEVolume: 67Number: 188Pages: 60923 - 60934
Docket number: [OPP-2002-0195; FRL-7199-5]
FR document: [FR Doc. 02-24484 Filed 9-26-02; 8:45 am]
Agency: Environmental Protection Agency
Official PDF Version: PDF Version
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 180
[OPP-2002-0195; FRL-7199-5]
Spinosad; Pesticide Tolerances
AGENCY:
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION:
Final rule.
SUMMARY:
This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of spinosad in or on fig at 0.10 part per million (ppm); herb, fresh, subgroup at 3.0 ppm; herb, dried, subgroup at 22 ppm; vegetable, root and tuber, group at 0.10 ppm; caneberry subgroup at 0.70 ppm; grape at 0.50 ppm; grape, raisin at 0.70 ppm; peanut at 0.02 ppm; and beet, sugar, molasses at 0.75 ppm. This regulation also increases established tolerances for cattle, meat to 0.50 ppm; cattle, meat byproducts to 2.0 ppm; cattle, fat to 6.5 ppm; milk to 2.5 ppm; and milk, fat to 27 ppm. The Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) and Elanco Animal Health, A Division of Eli Lily and Company, requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996.
DATES:
This regulation is effective September 27, 2002. Objections and requests for hearings, identified by docket ID number OPP-2002-0195, must be received on or before November 26, 2002.
ADDRESSES:
Written objections and hearing requests may be submitted by mail, in person, or by courier. Please follow the detailed instructions for each method as provided in Unit VI. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION . To ensure proper receipt by EPA, your objections and hearing requests must identify docket ID number OPP-2002-0195 in the subject line on the first page of your response.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
By mail: Sidney Jackson, Registration Division (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: (703) 305-7610; e-mail address: jackson.sidney@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does this Action Apply to Me?
You may be affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. Potentially affected categories and entities may include, but are not limited to:
| Categories | NAICS codes | Examples of potentially affected entities |
|---|---|---|
| Industry | 111 112 311 32532 | Crop production Animal production Food manufacturing Pesticide manufacturing |
This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this action. Other types of entities not listed in the table could also be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether or not this action might apply to certain entities. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT .
B. How Can I Get Additional Information, Including Copies of this Document and Other Related Documents?
1. Electronically . You may obtain electronic copies of this document, and certain other related documents that might be available electronically, from the EPA Internet Home Page at http://www.epa.gov/. To access this document, on the Home Page select "Laws and Regulations," "Regulations and Proposed Rules," and then look up the entry for this document under the " Federal Register -Environmental Documents." You can also go directly to the Federal Register listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/. A frequently updated electronic version of 40 CFR part 180 is available at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfrhtml_00/Title_40/40cfr180_00.html, a beta site currently under development. To access the OPPTS Harmonized Guidelines referenced in this document, go directly to the guidelines at http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/home/guidelin.htm.
2. In person . The Agency has established an official record for this action under docket ID number OPP-2002-0195. The official record consists of the documents specifically referenced in this action, and other information related to this action, including any information claimed as Confidential Business Information (CBI). This official record includes the documents that are physically located in the docket, as well as the documents that are referenced in those documents. The public version of the official record does not include any information claimed as CBI. The public version of the official record, which includes printed, paper versions of any electronic comments submitted during an applicable comment period is available for inspection in the Public Information and Records Integrity Branch (PIRIB), Rm. 119, Crystal Mall #2, 1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA, from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The PIRIB telephone number is (703) 305-5805.
II. Background and Statutory Findings
In the Federal Register of May 3, 2000, 65 FR 2572, FRL-6555-9 and August 21, 2002, 67 FR 54200, (FRL-7191-6), EPA issued notices pursuant to section 408 of the FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 346a, as amended by FQPA (Public Law 104-170), announcing the filing of pesticide petition (PP 0F6115) by Elanco Animal Health, a Division of Eli Lilly and Company, 2001 W. Main St., Greenfield, IN 46140, and (PP 1E6321, 2E6354, 2E6370, 2E6384, 2E6400, and 2E6422) by the Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4), 681 U.S. Highway #1, South, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390. These notices included summaries of the petitions prepared by Dow AgroScience LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268, the registrant. There were no comments received in response to the notices of filing.
The petitions requested that 40 CFR 180.495 be amended by establishing tolerances for residues of the insecticide spinosad, in or on food commodities as follows:
1. PP 1E6321 proposed establishment of a tolerance for fig at 0.1 ppm,
2. PP 2E6354 proposed establishment of a tolerance for herbs subgroup at 8.0 ppm. The petition was revised to propose tolerances for the herb, fresh, subgroup at 3.0 ppm; and the herb, dried, subgroup at 22 ppm.
3. PP 2E6384 proposed establishment of tolerances for root vegetable subgroup at 0.10 ppm, and dry bulb onion at 0.1 ppm. The petition was revised to propose a tolerance for the vegetable, root and tuber, group at 0.10 ppm; and a separate tolerance for beet, sugar, molasses at 0.75 ppm.
4. PP 2E6400 proposed establishment of a tolerance for caneberry subgroup at 0.7 ppm,
5. PP 2E6422 proposed establishment of tolerances for grape at 0.6 ppm, grape juice at 1.2 ppm, and raisin at 0.6 ppm. The petition was amended to propose tolerances for grape at 0.50 ppm; and grape, raisin at 0.70 ppm. The Agency determined that a tolerance for grape juice is not needed.
6. PP 2E6370 proposed establishment of a tolerance for peanut at 0.02 ppm,
7. PP 0F6115 proposed to increase the established tolerances for cattle meat, meat byproducts, fat, milk and milk fat. The increased tolerances are needed in support of proposed registration for direct application to beef and dairy cattle for insect control. Tolerances were proposed for cattle, meat at 0.45 ppm; cattle, meat byproducts at 2.25 ppm; cattle, fat at 5.75 ppm; milk at 0.75 ppm; and milk, fat at 8.0 ppm. The petition was subsequently revised to propose tolerances for cattle, meat at 0.50 ppm; cattle meat byproducts at 2.0 ppm; cattle, fat at 6.5 ppm; milk at 2.5 ppm; and milk, fat at 27 ppm.
Existing tolerances under § 180.495(a) for beet, garden, roots at 0.10 ppm, beet, sugar, roots at 0.10 ppm, and tuberous and corm vegetables (crop group 1C) at 0.02 ppm are no longer needed and will be removed. They are replaced with the new tolerance for vegetable, root and tuber, group at 0.10 ppm. Existing tolerances for section 18 emergency exemption under §180.495(b) for beet, sugar at 0.020 ppm; beet, sugar, molasses at 0.25 ppm; peanut at 0.02 ppm; milk, whole at 2.0 ppm and milk, fat at 20.0 ppm are also not needed and will be removed. Tolerances established by this regulation under §180.495 (a) for the vegetable, root and tuber, group at 0.10 ppm; beet, sugar, molasses at 0.75 ppm; peanut at 0.02 ppm; milk at 2.5 ppm; and milk, fat at 27 ppm obviate the need for these section 18 emergency exemptions.
Spinosad is a fermentation product of Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The product consists of two related active ingredients: Spinosyn A (Factor A; CAS No. 131929-60-7) or 2-[(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-?N-L-manno-pyranosyl)oxy]-13-[[5-(dimethylamino)-tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11, 12,13,14,16a,16b-tetradecahydro-14-methyl-1H-as-Indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecin-7,15-dione; and Spinosyn D (Factor D; CAS No. 131929-63-0) or 2-[(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-?N-L-manno-pyranosyl)oxy]-13-[[5-(dimethyl-amino)-tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a, 16b-tetradecahydro-4,14-methyl-1H-as-Indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecin-7,15-dione. Typically, the two factors are present at an 85:15 (A:D) ratio.
Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of the FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is "safe." Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii) defines "safe" to mean that "there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable information." This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C) requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to "ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue...."
EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. For further discussion of the regulatory requirements of section 408 and a complete description of the risk assessment process, see the final rule on Bifenthrin Pesticide Tolerances (62 FR 62961, November 26, 1997) (FRL-5754-7).
III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety
Consistent with section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has reviewed the available scientific data and other relevant information in support of this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a determination on aggregate exposure, consistent with section 408(b)(2), for tolerances for residues of spinosad on fig at 0.10 ppm; herb, fresh, subgroup at 3.0 ppm; herb, dried, subgroup at 22 ppm; vegetable, root and tuber, group at 0.10 ppm; caneberry subgroup at 0.7 0 ppm; grape at 0.50 ppm; grape, raisin at 0.70 ppm; peanut at 0.02 ppm; beet, sugar, molasses at 0.75 ppm; cattle, meat at 0.50 ppm; cattle, meat byproducts at 2.0 ppm; cattle, fat at 6.5 ppm; milk at 2.5 ppm and milk, fat at 27 ppm. EPA's assessment of exposures and risks associated with establishing these tolerances follows.
A. Toxicological Profile
EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered their validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and children. The nature of the toxic effects caused by spinosad are discussed in the following Table 1 as well as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies reviewed.
| Guideline No. | Study Type | Results |
|---|---|---|
| 870.3100 | 90-Day oral toxicity rodents-mouse | NOAEL = 7.5 mg/kg/day in males and females. LOAEL = 22.5 mg/kg/day in males and females; based on cytoplasmic vacuolationof lymphoid organs, liver, kidney, stomach, female reproductive tract, and epididymis. Othertissues less severely affected are heart, lung, pancreas, adrenal cortex, bone marrow, tongue, andpituitary gland. |
| 870.3100 | 90-Day oral toxicity rodents-rat | NOAEL = 33.9 mg/kg/day in males; 38.8 mg/kg/day infemales LOAEL = 68.5 mg/kg/day in males; 78.1 mg/kg/day in femalesbased on adrenal cortical vacuolation in males, lymph node histiocytosis in both sexes. |
| 870.3100 | 90-Day oral toxicity rodents-rat | NOAEL = 42.7 mg/kg/day in males; 52.1 mg/kg/day in females, highest dosetested (HDT). LOAEL = Not observed in males and females. |
| 870.3150 | 90-Day oral toxicity nonrodents-dog | NOAEL = 4.89 mg/kg/day in males; 5.38 mg/kg/day in females LOAEL = 9.73 mg/kg/day in males; 10.47 mg/kg/day in females based on microscopic changes in a variety of tissues, clinical signs of toxicity, decreases in mean body weights and food consumption and biochemical evidence of anemia and possible liver damage. |
| 870.3200 | Repeated dose dermal toxicity-rabbit (21 days) | NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day in males and females (HDT). LOAEL = Not observed. |
| 870.3700 | Prenatal developmental in rodents-rat | Maternal NOAEL = 200 mg/kg/day (HDT). LOAEL = Not observed. Developmental NOAEL = 200 mg/kg/day (HDT). LOAEL = Not observed. |
| 870.3700 | Prenatal developmental in nonrodents-rabbit | Maternal NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day (HDT). LOAEL = Not observed. Developmental NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day (HDT). LOAEL = Not observed. |
| 870.3800 | Reproduction and fertility effects-rat | Parental/systemic NOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day . LOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day based on increases in heart, kidney, liver, spleen, and thyroid weights (both sexes), corroborative histopathology in the spleen and thyroid (both sexes),heart and kidney (males only), and histopathologic lesions in the lungs and mesenteric lymph nodes (both sexes), stomach (females only), and prostate. Reproductive NOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day. LOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day based on increased incidence of dystocia and/or vaginal bleeding after parturition with associated increases in mortality in the dams. Offspring NOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day. LOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day based on decreases in litter size, survival and body weights. |
| 870.4100 | Chronic toxicity-dog | NOAEL = 2.68 mg/kg/day in males, 2.72 mg/kg/day in females. LOAEL = 8.46 mg/kg/day in males; 8.22 mg/kg/day in females based on increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglycerides levels, and the presence of tissue abnormalities, including vacuolated cell aggregations, arteritis, and glandular cell vacuolation (parathyroid). |
| 870.4200 | Carcinogenicity- mouse | NOAEL = 11.4 mg/kg/day in males, 13.8 mg/kg/day in females. LOAEL = 50.9 mg/kg/day in males; 67.0 mg/kg/day in females based on decreased weight gains, increased mortality, the hematologic effects, and the gross finding of increasedthickening of the gastric mucosa in females and the histologic changes in the stomach of males. No evidence of carcinogenicity. |
| 870.4200 | Carcinogenicity-mouse | NOAEL not established. LOAEL = 1.1 mg/kg/day in males; 1.3 mg/kg/day in females. No evidence of carcinogenicity. |
| 870.4300 | Chronic/carcinogenicity-rat | NOAEL = 9.5 mg/kg/day in males, 12.0 mg/kg/day in females. LOAEL = 24.1 mg/kg/day in males; 30.3 mg/kg/day in females based on vacuolation of the epithelial follicular cells of the thyroid in both sexes. No evidence of carcinogenicity. |
| 870.5300 | Mouse lymphoma cell/mammalian activation gene forward mutation assay | In a forward mutation assay using mouse lymphoma cells, spinosad did not induce forward mutations in mouse lymphoma L5178Y Tk+/- cells at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 35 µg/ml without metabolic activation or at concentrations of 15 through 50 µg/ml with metabolic activation. |
| 870.5375 | In vitro mammalian cytogenetic assay | In a chromosomal aberrations assay, spinosad did not increase the number of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with chromosome aberrations at concentrations of 20, 26, or 35 µg/ml without metabolic activation or at concentrations of 100, 250, or 500 µg/ml with metabolic activation. |
| 870.5385 | Micronucleus assay | In a mouse micronucleus test, spinosad did not increase the frequency ofmicronuclei in replicate assays with bone marrow cells from ICR mice treated with doses of 0,500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg/day for 2 consecutive days. |
| 870.5550 | Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | In the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay using primary rat hepatocytes, Spinosad did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in adult rat hepatocytes in vitro at concentrations of 0.01 to 5 µg/ml. Concentrations from 10 to 1,000 µg/ml of XDE-105 were cytotoxic. |
| 870.6200 | Acute neurotoxicity-rat | NOAEL = 2,000 mg/kg in males and females (HDT). LOAEL = Not established in both sexes. |
| 870.6200 | Repeat dose neurotoxicity-rat | NOAEL = 42.7 mg/kg/day in males; 52.1 mg/kg /day in females (HDT). LOAEL = Not established in both sexes. |
| 870.6200 | Repeat dose neurotoxicity-rat | NOAEL = 46.0 mg/kg/day in males; 57.0 mg/kg/day in females (HDT). LOAEL = Not established in both sexes. |
| 870.7485 | Metabolism and pharmacokinetics-rat | At high (100 mg/kg) and single or multiple low (10 mg/kg) doses, there are no major differences in the bioavailability, routes or rates of excretion or metabolism of14 C-XDE-105 (Factor A) following oral administration. The feces were the major route of excretion (82 to 87% of the doses at 168 hours after dosing), and -7-10% of the dose was excreted in the urine. Approximately 70-80% of the dose was absorbed with -20% of the dose eliminated unabsorbed in the feces. Blood levels of14 C after the single and multiple 10 mg/kg doses were highest at 1 hour in bothsexes. At 168 hour after administration of the low dose, the kidney, liver and fat of males and females had higher levels than other tissues. In the high dose group however, the adrenals (females only), kidney, lymph nodes, fat, and thyroids had higher levels than other tissues. The total radioactivity remaining in the tissues and carcass of the low and high dose animals was 0.6% and 3% of the administered dose, respectively. The primary metabolites excreted were identified as the glutathione conjugates of the parent and O-demethylated XDE-105 (Factor A). Metabolites in the tissues were characterized as the - and O-demethylated (Factor A). The absorption, disposition, and elimination of14 C-XDE-105 (Factor A) demonstrated no appreciable differences based on, dose orrepeated dosing. |
| 870.7485 | Metabolism and pharmacokinetics-rat | Results of these experiments indicated that at 100 mg/kg dose, the feces were themajor route of excretion (84 to 92% of the dose at 168 hours after dosing), and 3-5% of the dose was excreted in the urine. Greater than 68% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the feces within the first 24 hours following dosing. The excretion kinetics was biphasic with the ? and ß excretion halftimes (t½) of approximately 6 and 30 hours, respectively. The primary metabolites excreted were identified as the glutathione conjugates of theparent and O-demethylated XDE-105 (Factor D). Metabolites in the tissues were characterizedas the - and O-demethylated (Factor D). The absorption, disposition, and elimination of14 C-XDE-105 (Factor D) demonstrated no appreciable differences based on, dose orrepeated dosing. |
| 870.7485 | Metabolism and pharmacokinetics-rat | The feces contained from 23 to 55% of the dose (an average of 34%), and the bilehad an average of approximately 36% (range of 28 to 40%) of the administered radioactivity.Approximately 21% of the dose was found in the tissues and carcass (range of 12 to 26%). Theurine and CO 2 accounted for 3.3 and 0.1% of the dose. The bile excretion rate resultssuggested an uptake phase for the first 4 hour after dosing which preceded a biphasic decrease inthe biliary excretion rate. The maximum rate of bile excretion was -644 :g equivalentsper hour at 2-4 hour; then the rate decreased to -123 :g equivalents per hour at the12-24 hour interval. The results of the study suggested that metabolites in the bile included the glutathioneconjugates of the unchanged form, as well as - and O-demethylated forms ofXDE-105 (Factor D). |
B. Toxicological Endpoints
The dose at which the NOAEL from the toxicology study identified as appropriate for use in risk assessment is used to estimate the toxicological level of concern (LOC). However, the lowest dose at which the LOAEL is sometimes used for risk assessment if no NOAEL was achieved in the toxicology study selected. An uncertainty factor (UF) is applied to reflect uncertainties inherent in the extrapolation from laboratory animal data to humans and in the variations in sensitivity among members of the human population as well as other unknowns. An UF of 100 is routinely used, 10X to account for interspecies differences and 10X for intra species differences.
For dietary risk assessment (other than cancer) the Agency uses the UF to calculate an acute or chronic reference dose (acute RfD or chronic RfD) where the RfD is equal to the NOAEL divided by the appropriate UF (RfD = NOAEL/UF). Where an additional safety factor is retained due to concerns unique to the FQPA, this additional factor is applied to the RfD by dividing the RfD by such additional factor. The acute or chronic Population Adjusted Dose (aPAD or cPAD) is a modification of the RfD to accommodate this type of FQPA Safety Factor.
For non-dietary risk assessments (other than cancer) the UF is used to determine the LOC. For example, when 100 is the appropriate UF (10X to account for interspecies differences and 10X for intraspecies differences) the LOC is 100. To estimate risk, a ratio of the NOAEL to exposures (margin of exposure (MOE) = NOAEL/exposure) is calculated and compared to the LOC.
The linear default risk methodology (Q*) is the primary method currently used by the Agency to quantify carcinogenic risk. The Q* approach assumes that any amount of exposure will lead to some degree of cancer risk. A Q* is calculated and used to estimate risk which represents a probability of occurrence of additional cancer cases (e.g., risk is expressed as 1 x 10 - 6 or one in a million). Under certain specific circumstances, MOE calculations will be used for the carcinogenic risk assessment. In this non-linear approach, a "point of departure" is identified below which carcinogenic effects are not expected. The point of departure is typically a NOAEL based on an endpoint related to cancer effects though it may be a different value derived from the dose response curve. To estimate risk, a ratio of the point of departure to exposure (MOE cancer = point of departure/exposures) is calculated. A summary of the toxicological endpoints for spinosad used for human risk assessment is shown in the following Table 2:
| Exposure Scenario | Dose Used in Risk Assessment, UF | FQPA SF* and Level of Concern for Risk Assessment | Study and Toxicological Effects |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Dietary | Not applicable | Not applicable | There were no effects observed in oral toxicity studies including oral developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits that could be attributable to a single dose (exposure). Therefore, a dose and endpoint were not selected for this risk assessment. |
| Chronic Dietary all populations | NOAEL = 2.7 mg/kg/day UF = 100 Chronic RfD = 0.027 mg/kg/day | FQPA SF = 1x cPAD = chronic RfD FQPA SF= 0.027 mg/kg/day | Chronic Toxicity Study in Dogs LOAEL = 8.22 mg/kg/day based on the occurrence of vacuolation in glandular cells (parathyroid) and lymphatic tissues, arteritis, and increases in serum alanine aminotranferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride levels. |
| Incidental Oral (Short-Term, 1 to 30 days)(Residential) | NOAEL = 4.9 mg/kg/day | FQPA SF = 1x LOC for MOE = 100 | Subchronic Feeding Study in Dogs LOAEL = 9.73 mg/kg/day based on microscopic changes in multiple organs, clinical signs of toxicity, decreases in mean body weights and food consumption and biochemical evidence of anemia and possible liver damage. |
| Incidential Oral (Intermediate-Term, 1 to 6 months)(Residential) | NOAEL = 2.7 mg/kg/day | FQPA SF = 1x LOC for MOE = 100 | Chronic Toxicity Study in Dogs LOAEL = 8.22 mg/kg/day based on vacuolation in glandular cells (parathyroid) and lymphatic tissues, arteritis, and increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride levels. |
| Dermal (Any time period) (Residential) | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | Short-, Intermediate-, and Long-Term dermal risk assessments were not performed because: (1) Lack of concern for pre and/or post natal toxicity; (2) the combination of molecular structure and size as well as the lack of dermal or systemic toxicity at 1000 mg/kg/day in a 21-day dermal toxicity study in rats which indicates poor dermal absorption; and (3) the lack of long-term exposure based on the current use pattern. |
| Inhalation (Short-Term, 1-30 days) (Residential) | Oral NOAEL = 4.9 mg/kg/day (absorption = 100%) | FQPA SF = 1x LOC for MOE = 100 | Subchronic Feeding Study in Dogs LOAEL = 9.73 mg/kg/day based on microscopic changes in a multiple organs, clinical signs of toxicity, decreases in mean body weights and food consumption and biochemical evidence of anemia and possible liver damage. |
| Inhalation (Intermediate-Term, 1-6 months)(Residential) | Oral NOAEL = 2.7 mg/kg/day (absorption = 100%) | FQPA SF = 1x LOC for MOE = 100 | Chronic Toxicity Study in Dogs LOAEL = 8.22 mg/kg/day based on vacuolation in glandular cells (parathyroid) and lymphatic tissues, arteritis, and increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride levels. |
| Inhalation (Long-Term, 6 months) (Residential) | Oral NOAEL = 2.7 mg/kg/day (absorption = 100%) | FQPA SF = 1x LOC for MOE = 100 | Chronic Toxicity Study in Dogs LOAEL = 8.22 mg/kg/day based on vacuolation in glandular cells (parathyroid) and lymphatic tissues, arteritis, and increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride levels. |
| Cancer (oral, dermal, inhalation) | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | Spinosad is classified as a "Not Likely" carcinogen. |
| *The reference to the FQPA Safety Factor refers to any additional safety factor retained due to concerns unique to the FQPA. | |||
C. Exposure Assessment
1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses . Tolerances have beenestablished (40 CFR 180.495) for the residues of spinosad, in or on a variety of raw agriculturalcommodities. Spinosad is registered for use on a large number of agricultural commodities. Dueto Section 18 emergency exemption use for control of Mediterranean fruit fly, tolerances forresidues of spinosad have been established at 0.02 ppm for all agricultural commodities notcovered by other pesticide tolerances. Risk assessments were conducted by EPA to assess dietaryexposures from spinosad in food as follows:
i. Acute exposure . Acute dietary risk assessments are performed for afood-use pesticide if a toxicological study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concernoccurring as a result of a one day or single exposure. An endpoint was not identified for acutedietary exposure and risk assessment because no effects were observed in oral toxicity studiesincluding developmental toxicity studies in rats or rabbits that could be attributable to a singledose (exposure). Therefore, an acute dietary exposure assessment was not performed.
ii. Chronic exposure . Spinosad chronic dietary exposure assessments wereconducted using the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEMTM ) software Version 7.76, whichincorporates consumption data from USDA's 1989-1992- nationwide ContinuingSurveys of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) and accumulated exposure to the chemical foreach commodity. The chronic dietary (food only) analysis represents a moderately refinedestimate of dietary exposure to spinosad due to the use of default processing factors, percent croptreated estimates for commodities having previously registered uses, and anticipated residues formeat and milk.
iii. Cancer . Spinosad has been classified as "not likely to becarcinogenic in humans" based on the results of a carcinogenicity study in mice and thecombined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study in rats. Therefore, a cancer risk assessmentwas not performed.
iv. Anticipated residue and percent crop treated information . Section 408(b)(2)(E) authorizes EPA to use available data and information on the anticipatedresidue levels of pesticide residues in food and the actual levels of pesticide chemicals that havebeen measured in food. If EPA relies on such information, EPA must require that data beprovided 5 years after the tolerance is established, modified, or left in effect, demonstrating thatthe levels in food are not above the levels anticipated. Following the initial data submission, EPAis authorized to require similar data on a time frame it deems appropriate. As required by section408(b)(2)(E), EPA will issue a data call-in for information relating to anticipated residues to besubmitted no later than 5 years from the date of issuance of this tolerance.
Section 408(b)(2)(F) states that the Agency may use data on the actual percent of foodtreated for assessing chronic dietary risk only if the Agency can make the following findings:Condition 1, that the data used are reliable and provide a valid basis to show what percentage ofthe food derived from such crop is likely to contain such pesticide residue; Condition 2, that theexposure estimate does not underestimate exposure for any significant subpopulation group; andCondition 3, if data are available on pesticide use and food consumption in a particular area, theexposure estimate does not understate exposure for the population in such area. In addition, theAgency must provide for periodic evaluation of any estimates used. To provide for the periodicevaluation of the estimate of percent crop treated (PCT) as required by section 408(b)(2)(F), EPAmay require registrants to submit data on PCT.
The Agency used percent crop treated (PCT) information as follows:
Almond 5 %; apple 28%; apricot 5%; avocado 5%, bean, snap 9%; broccoli 62%; cabbage32%; cauliflower 54%; celery 78%; collards 24%; cherry 5%; eggplant 14%; grapefruit 1%;grape, wine 1%; kale 32%; lemon 11%; lettuce, head 59%; Lettuce, other 42%; mustard greens17%; orange 6%; peach 4%; pepper 45%; pistachio 1%; prune/plum 5%; spinach 32%; pumpkin1%; squash 1%; sweet corn 1%; tangerine 6%; turnip, greens 6%; tomato, fresh 30%; tomato,processed 2%; watermelon 1%; cotton 3%; dry bean/pea 1%; peanut 1%; potato 1%; wheat,winter 1%.
The Agency believes that the three conditions listed in this Unit have been met. With respectto Condition 1, PCT estimates are derived from Federal and private market survey data, whichare reliable and have a valid basis. EPA uses a weighted average PCT for chronic dietaryexposure estimates. This weighted average PCT figure is derived by averaging State-level datafor a period of up to 10 years, and weighting for the more robust and recent data. A weightedaverage of the PCT reasonably represents a person's dietary exposure over a lifetime, and isunlikely to underestimate exposure to an individual because of the fact that pesticide use patterns(both regionally and nationally) tend to change continuously over time, such that an individual isunlikely to be exposed to more than the average PCT over a lifetime. For acute dietary exposureestimates, EPA uses an estimated maximum PCT. The exposure estimates resulting from thisapproach reasonably represent the highest levels to which an individual could be exposed, andare unlikely to underestimate an individual's acute dietary exposure. The Agency is reasonablycertain that the percentage of the food treated is not likely to be an underestimation. As toConditions 2 and 3, regional consumption information and consumption information forsignificant subpopulations is taken into account through EPA's computer-based model forevaluating the exposure of significant subpopulations including several regional groups. Use ofthis consumption information in EPA's risk assessment process ensures that EPA's exposureestimate does not understate exposure for any significant subpopulation group and allows theAgency to be reasonably certain that no regional population is exposed to residue levels higherthan those estimated by the Agency. Other than the data available through national foodconsumption surveys, EPA does not have available information on the regional consumption offood to which spinosad may be applied in a particular area.
2. Dietary exposure from drinking water . Spinosad and its degradates are notvery persistent and are relatively immobile. The potential for its residues to leach to groundwaterand runoff to surface water is very low. Spinosad (containing Factors A and D) is expected todissipate rapidly in the environment with a low potential to leach or runoff to surface water.Slow metabolic degradation was observed only in flooded sediment (half-lives 161-250days in the laboratory, 25 days outdoors). Transformation products (Factor B and N-demethylspinosad Factor D) are persistent (half-lives 6 months) in aerobic soil metabolism studies, butare relatively immobile.
The Agency lacks sufficient monitoring exposure data to complete a comprehensive dietaryexposure analysis and risk assessment for spinosad in drinking water. Because the Agency doesnot have comprehensive monitoring data, drinking water concentration estimates are made byreliance on simulation or modeling taking into account data on the physical characteristics ofspinosad.
The Agency uses the FQPA Index Reservoir Screening Tool (FIRST) or the Pesticide RootZone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS), to produce estimates ofpesticide concentrations in an index reservoir. The SCI-GROW model is used to predict pesticideconcentrations in shallow groundwater. For a screening-level assessment for surface water EPAwill use FIRST (a tier 1 model) before using PRZM/EXAMS (a tier 2 model). The FIRST modelis a subset of the PRZM/EXAMS model that uses a specific high-end runoff scenario forpesticides. While both FIRST and PRZM/EXAMS incorporate an index reservoir environment,the PRZM/EXAMS model includes a percent crop area factor as an adjustment to account for themaximum percent crop coverage within a watershed or drainage basin.
None of these models include consideration of the impact processing (mixing, dilution, ortreatment) of raw water for distribution as drinking water would likely have on the removal ofpesticides from the source water. The primary use of these models by the Agency at this stage isto provide a screen for sorting out pesticides for which it is highly unlikely that drinking waterconcentrations would exceed human health levels of concern.
Since the models used are considered to be screening tools in the risk assessment process,the Agency does not use estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) from these models toquantify drinking water exposure and risk as a %RfD or %PAD. Instead drinking water levels ofcomparison (DWLOCs) are calculated and used as a point of comparison against the modelestimates of a pesticide's concentration in water. DWLOCs are theoretical upper limits on apesticide's concentration in drinking water in light of total aggregate exposure to a pesticide infood, and from residential uses. Since DWLOCs address total aggregate exposure to spinosadthey are further discussed in the aggregate risk sections below.
Based on the First and SCI-GROW models the estimated environmental concentrations(EECs) of spinosad for chronic exposures is estimated to be 2.3 parts per billion (ppb) for surfacewater and 0.037 ppb for ground water. The EECs for spinosad are based on application ofthe insecticide to turf at a maximum of four applications at a rate of 0.41 pound active per acreper application.
3. From non-dietary exposure . The term "residentialexposure" is used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary exposure(e.g., for lawn and garden pest control, indoor pest control, termiticides, and flea and tick controlon pets). Spinosad is currently registered for use on residential turf and ornamentals to control avariety of insect pests. The registered residential products for spinosad are Conserve SC Turfand Ornamental (EPA Reg No. 62719-291) and Conserve Fire Ant Bait (EPA Reg No. 62719-304).
Conserve Fire Ant Bait is a ready-to-use granular formulation that may be applied byhomeowners. For adults, residential exposures may result from dermal and inhalation exposurewhile applying Conserve Fire Ant Bait and/or from dermal contact with treated turf. However,dermal post-application exposure is not of concern since no toxicological endpoint wasestablished for dermal exposure. Inhalation exposure is not expected due to the low vaporpressure of spinosad and because the homeowner product is formulated as a granular.Post-application exposure to toddlers was not assessed for the Conserve Fire Ant Bait productsince children are not likely to "habit" lawn areas where fire ant mounds arepresent.
Conserve SC is labeled for use on turfgrass and ornamentals by commercial applicators.Since this product will be applied by commercial applicators, homeowner applicator exposurewas not assessed. For toddlers, dermal and non-dietary oral post-application exposures mayresult from dermal contact with treated turf as well as hand-to-mouth transfer of residues fromturfgrass. Since dermal post-application exposure is not of concern, only hand-to-mouth,object-to-mouth and incidential ingestion of soil exposures for the turf and ornamental uses wereperformed. The average aerobic soil metabolism half-life of spinosad (containing factors A andD) is 13-14 days. For the intermediate-term duration, typical lawn maintenance practices,such as mowing and watering, are expected to expedite the dissipation of spinosad on turfgrass.Since residue on turf that is available for transfer after day 30 is expected to be negligible,intermediate-term post-application incidental oral exposures were not assessed.
The Agency developed exposure formulas and estimated doses to theoretically assessresidential post-application incidental oral exposure scenarios including: (1) Hand-to-mouth, (2)object-to-mouth (turfgrass), and (3) incidental ingestion of soil. The resulting incidental oralingestion MOEs from residential use of spinosad on turf are as follow:
•MOE for oral hand-to-mouth activities on treated lawns is 800 for short-term(1-30 days).
•MOE for oral object-to-mouth (turfgrass) from treated lawns is 3300 forshort-term.
•MOE for incidental ingestion of soil from treated lawns is 240,000 forshort-term.
•Combined Incidental Oral MOE (hand-to-mouth, object-to-mouth, and soilingestion) is 640.All MOEs are below EPA's level of concern.
4. Cumulative exposure to substances with a common mechanism oftoxicity . Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) requires that, when considering whether to establish,modify, or revoke a tolerance, the Agency consider "available information"concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide's residues and "othersubstances that have a common mechanism of toxicity."
EPA does not have, at this time, available data to determine whether spinosad has a commonmechanism of toxicity with other substances or how to include this pesticide in a cumulative riskassessment. Unlike other pesticides for which EPA has followed a cumulative risk approachbased on a common mechanism of toxicity, spinosad does not appear to produce a toxicmetabolite produced by other substances. For the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore,EPA has not assumed that spinosad has a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances.For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which chemicals have a commonmechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the final rulefor Bifenthrin Pesticide Tolerances (62 FR 62961, November 26, 1997).
D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children
1. In general . FFDCA section 408 provides that EPA shall apply anadditional tenfold margin of safety for infants and children in the case of threshold effects toaccount for prenatal and postnatal toxicity and the completeness of the data base on toxicity andexposure unless EPA determines that a different margin of safety will be safe for infants andchildren. Margins of safety are incorporated into EPA risk assessments either directly throughuse of a margin of exposure (MOE) analysis or through using uncertainty (safety) factors incalculating a dose level that poses no appreciable risk to humans.
2. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity . There is no indication of increasedsusceptibility of rat and rabbit fetuses to in utero and/or postnatal exposure.
3. Conclusion . There is a complete toxicity data base for spinosad andexposure data are complete or are estimated based on data that reasonably accounts for potentialexposures. EPA determined that the 10x safety factor to protect infants and children should beremoved. This recommendation is based on:
i. There is no evidence of increased susceptibility of rat or rabbit fetuses following in utero exposure in the developmental studies with spinosad, and there is noevidence of increased susceptibility of young rats in the reproduction study with spinosad;
ii. There are no residual uncertainties identified in the exposure databases; the dietary foodexposure assessment (chronic only; no acute endpoint was identified) is refined usingAnticipated Residues calculated from field trial data and available percent crop treatedinformation (100% crop treated is assumed for proposed new uses) and,
iii. The dietary drinking water exposure is based on conservative modeling estimates,
iv. OPP's Health Effect Division Residential Standard Operating Procedures were used toassess post-application exposure to children as well as incidental oral exposure of toddlers, sothese assessments do not underestimate the exposure and risks posed by spinosad,
v. A developmental toxicity study is not required.
E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety
To estimate total aggregate exposure to a pesticide from food, drinking water, and residentialuses, the Agency calculates DWLOCs which are used as a point of comparison against the modelestimates of a pesticide's concentration in water (EECs). DWLOCS values are not regulatorystandards for drinking water. DWLOCs are theoretical upper limits on a pesticide's concentrationin drinking water in light of total aggregate exposure to a pesticide in food and residential uses.In calculating a DWLOCS, the Agency determines how much of the acceptable exposure (i.e.,the PAD) is available for exposure through drinking water e.g., allowable chronic water exposure(mg/kg/day) = cPAD - (average food + residential exposure). This allowable exposure throughdrinking water is used to calculate a DWLOCS.
A DWLOCS will vary depending on the toxic endpoint, drinking water consumption, andbody weights. Default body weights and consumption values as used by the USEPA Office ofWater are used to calculate DWLOCs: 2L/70 kg (adult male), 2L/60 kg (adult female), and 1L/10kg (child). Default body weights and drinking water consumption values vary on an individualbasis. This variation will be taken into account in more refined screening-level and quantitativedrinking water exposure assessments. Different populations will have different DWLOCs.Generally, a DWLOCS is calculated for each type of risk assessment used: acute, short-term,intermediate-term, chronic, and cancer.
When EECs for surface water and groundwater are less than the calculated DWLOCs, OPPconcludes with reasonable certainty that exposures to the pesticide in drinking water (whenconsidered along with other sources of exposure for which OPP has reliable data) would notresult in unacceptable levels of aggregate human health risk at this time. Because OPP considersthe aggregate risk resulting from multiple exposure pathways associated with a pesticide's uses,levels of comparison in drinking water may vary as those uses change. If new uses are added inthe future, OPP will reassess the potential impacts of residues of the pesticide in drinking wateras a part of the aggregate risk assessment process.
1. Acute risk . Acute aggregate risk consists of the combined dietaryexposures from food and drinking water sources. The total exposure is compared to the acuteRfD. An acute RfD was not identified since no effects were observed in oral toxicity studies thatcould be attributable to a single dose. Therefore, the Agency concludes that there is a reasonablecertainty of no harm from acute aggregate exposure to spinosad.
2. Chronic risk . Using the exposure assumptions described in unit C forchronic exposure, EPA has concluded that exposure to spinosad from food will utilize 30% ofthe cPAD for the U.S. population, 41% of the cPAD for infant 1 year old and 69% of thecPAD for children 1-6 years old (subpopulation at greatest exposure). Based the use pattern,chronic residential exposure to residues of spinosad is not expected. In addition, there is potentialfor chronic dietary exposure to spinosad in drinking water. After calculating DWLOCs andcomparing them to the EECs for surface and ground water, EPA does not expect the aggregateexposure to exceed 100% of the cPAD, as shown in the following Table 3:
| Population Subgroup | cPAD mg/kg/day | %cPAD (Food) | Surface Water EEC (ppb) | Ground Water EEC (ppb) | Chronic DWLOCS (ppb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. Population | 0.027 | 30 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 660 |
| All infants ( 1 year old) | 0.027 | 41 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 160 |
| Children 1-6 years old | 0.027 | 69 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 85 |
| Children 7-12 | 0.027 | 45 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 150 |
| Female 13-50 | 0.027 | 24 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 620 |
3. Short-term risk . Short-term aggregate exposure takes into account residential exposure plus chronic exposureto food and water (considered to be a background exposure level).
Spinosad is currently registered for use that could result in short-term residential exposureand the Agency has determined that it is appropriate to aggregate chronic food and water andshort-term exposures for spinosad.
Using the exposure assumptions described in unit C for short-term exposures, EPA hasconcluded that food and residential exposures aggregated result in aggregate MOEs of 600 forthe U.S. Population, 260 for all infants 1 year old, 190 for children 1-6 years old(greatest risk subpopulation) and 250 for children 7-12 years old. These aggregate MOEsdo not exceed the Agency's level of concern for aggregate exposure to food and residential uses.In addition, short-term DWLOCs were calculated and compared to the EECs for chronicexposure of spinosad in ground and surface water. After calculating DWLOCs and comparingthem to the EECs for surface and ground water, EPA does not expect short-term aggregateexposure to exceed the Agency's level of concern, as shown in the following Table 4:
| PopulationSubgroup | AggregateMOE(Food + Residential) | Aggregate Level of Concern(LOC) | Surface Water EEC(ppb) | GroundWater EEC(ppb) | Short-Term DWLOCS (ppb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U. S. Population | 600 | 100 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 1400 |
| All infants 1 year old | 260 | 100 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 300 |
| Children 1-6 years old | 190 | 100 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 230 |
| Children 7-12 years old | 250 | 100 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 290 |
| Females 13-50 years | 760 | 100 | 2.3 | 0.037 | 1300 |
4. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population . Spinosad has been classified as"not likely to be carcinogenic in humans" based on the results of a carcinogenicitystudy in mice and the combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study in rats. Therefore,spinosad is not expected to pose a cancer risk to humans.
5. Determination of safety . Based on these risk assessments, EPA concludesthat there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to the general population, and toinfants and children from aggregate exposure to spinosad residues.
IV. Other Considerations
A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology
Adequate enforcement methodology using high pressure liquid chromatography withultraviolet detector (HPLC/UV) is available to enforce the tolerances in plants. Adequatelivestock methods are available for tolerance enforcement. Method RES 94094 (GRM 95.03) isan HPLC/UV method suitable for determination of spinosad residues in ruminant commodities.Method GRM 95.03 has undergone successful independent laboratory validation (ILV) and EPAlaboratory validation, and has been forwarded to FDA for inclusion in PAM Volume II. MethodGRM 95.15 is another HPLC/UV method suitable for determination of spinosad residues inpoultry commodities. This method has been forwarded to FDA for inclusion in PAM Volume II.Method RES 95114, an immunoassay method for determination of spinosad residues in ruminantcommodities, underwent a successful ILV and EPA laboratory validation. It has been submittedto FDA for inclusion in PAM Volume II. The methods may be requested from: Paul Golden, USEPA/OPP/BEAD/ACB, Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Road, Fort Meade, MD20755-5350; telephone number: (410) 305-2960; FAX (410) 305-3091;e-mail address: RAM Mailbox.
B. International Residue Limits
No Codex, Canadian, or Mexican maximum residue limits (MRLs) have been established forresidues of spinosad on the caneberry subgroup, root and tuber vegetables, the herb subgroup, fig,grape, peanut, or livestock commodities.
V. Conclusion
Therefore, tolerances are established for residues of spinosad, in or on fig at 0.10 ppm;herbs, fresh, subgroup at 3.0 ppm; herbs, dried, subgroup at 22 ppm; vegetable, root and tuber,group at 0.10 ppm; caneberry subgroup at 0.70 ppm; grape at 0.50 ppm; grape, raisin at 0.70ppm; peanut at 0.02 ppm; beet, sugar, molasses at 0.75 ppm; cattle, meat at 0.50 ppm; cattle,meat byproducts at 2.0 ppm; cattle, fat at 6.5 ppm, milk at 2.5; and milk, fat at 27 ppm.
VI. Objections and Hearing Requests
Under section 408(g) of the FFDCA, as amended by the FQPA, any person may file anobjection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a hearing on those objections.The EPA procedural regulations which govern the submission of objections and requests forhearings appear in 40 CFR part 178. Although the procedures in those regulations require somemodification to reflect the amendments made to the FFDCA by the FQPA of 1996, EPA willcontinue to use those procedures, with appropriate adjustments, until the necessary modificationscan be made. The new section 408(g) provides essentially the same process for persons to"object" to a regulation for an exemption from the requirement of a toleranceissued by EPA under new section 408(d), as was provided in the old FFDCA sections 408 and409. However, the period for filing objections is now 60 days, rather than 30 days.
A. What Do I Need to Do to File an Objection or Request a Hearing?
You must file your objection or request a hearing on this regulation in accordance with theinstructions provided in this unit and in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, youmust identify docket ID number OPP-2002-0195 in the subject line on thefirst page of your submission. All requests must be in writing, and must be mailed or deliveredto the Hearing Clerk on or before November 26, 2002.
1. Filing the request . Your objection must specify the specific provisions inthe regulation that you object to, and the grounds for the objections (40 CFR 178.25). If ahearing is requested, the objections must include a statement of the factual issues(s) on which ahearing is requested, the requestor's contentions on such issues, and a summary of any evidencerelied upon by the objector (40 CFR 178.27). Information submitted in connection with anobjection or hearing request may be claimed confidential by marking any part or all of thatinformation as CBI. Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance withprocedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. A copy of the information that does not contain CBI mustbe submitted for inclusion in the public record. Information not marked confidential may bedisclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice.
Mail your written request to: Office of the Hearing Clerk (1900C), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. You may also deliver your request to the Office of the Hearing Clerk in Rm. 104, Crystal Mall #2, 1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA. The Office of the Hearing Clerk is open from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Office of the Hearing Clerk is (703) 603-0061.
2. Tolerance fee payment . If you file an objection or request a hearing, youmust also pay the fee prescribed by 40 CFR 180.33(i) or request a waiver of that fee pursuant to40 CFR 180.33(m). You must mail the fee to: EPA Headquarters Accounting OperationsBranch, Office of Pesticide Programs, P.O. Box 360277M, Pittsburgh, PA 15251. Pleaseidentify the fee submission by labeling it "Tolerance Petition Fees."
EPA is authorized to waive any fee requirement "when in the judgement of theAdministrator such a waiver or refund is equitable and not contrary to the purpose of thissubsection." For additional information regarding the waiver of these fees, you maycontact James Tompkins by phone at (703) 305-5697, by e-mail attompkins.jim@epa.gov, or by mailing a request for information to Mr. Tompkins at RegistrationDivision (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
If you would like to request a waiver of the tolerance objection fees, you must mail yourrequest for such a waiver to: James Hollins, Information Resources and Services Division(7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 PennsylvaniaAve., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
3. Copies for the Docket . In addition to filing an objection or hearingrequest with the Hearing Clerk as described in Unit VI.A., you should also send a copy of yourrequest to the PIRIB for its inclusion in the official record that is described in Unit I.B.2. Mailyour copies, identified by docket ID number OPP-2002-0195, to: PublicInformation and Records Integrity Branch, Information Resources and Services Division(7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 PennsylvaniaAve., NW., Washington, DC 20460. In person or by courier, bring a copy to the location of thePIRIB described in Unit I.B.2. You may also send an electronic copy of your request via e-mailto: opp-docket@epa.gov. Please use an ASCII file format and avoid the use of special charactersand any form of encryption. Copies of electronic objections and hearing requests will also beaccepted on disks in WordPerfect 6.1/8.0 or ASCII file format. Do not include any CBI in yourelectronic copy. You may also submit an electronic copy of your request at many FederalDepository Libraries.
B. When Will the Agency Grant a Request for a Hearing?
A request for a hearing will be granted if the Administrator determines that the materialsubmitted shows the following: There is a genuine and substantial issue of fact; there is areasonable possibility that available evidence identified by the requestor would, if establishedresolve one or more of such issues in favor of the requestor, taking into account uncontestedclaims or facts to the contrary; and resolution of the factual issues(s) in the manner sought by therequestor would be adequate to justify the action requested (40 CFR 178.32).
VII. Regulatory Assessment Requirements
This final rule establishes a tolerance under FFDCA section 408(d) in response to a petitionsubmitted to the Agency. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted thesetypes of actions from review under Executive Order 12866, entitled RegulatoryPlanning and Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this rule has been exemptedfrom review under Executive Order 12866 due to its lack of significance, this rule is not subjectto Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly AffectEnergy Supply, Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001). This final rule doesnot contain any information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork ReductionAct (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. , or impose any enforceable duty or containany unfunded mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995(UMRA) (Public Law 104-4). Nor does it require any special considerations underExecutive Order 12898, entitled Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice inMinority Populations and Low-Income Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994); orOMB review or any Agency action under Executive Order 13045, entitled Protectionof Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23,1997). This action does not involve any technical standards that would require Agencyconsideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant to section 12(d) of the NationalTechnology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113,section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note). Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on thebasis of a petition under FFDCA section 408(d), such as the tolerance in this final rule, do notrequire the issuance of a proposed rule, the requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)(5 U.S.C. 601 et seq. ) do not apply. In addition, the Agency has determined thatthis action will not have a substantial direct effect on States, on the relationship between thenational government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities amongthe various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999). Executive Order 13132 requires EPAto develop an accountable process to ensure "meaningful and timely input by State andlocal officials in the development of regulatory policies that have federalismimplications." "Policies that have federalism implications" is defined inthe Executive order to include regulations that have "substantial direct effects on theStates, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distributionof power and responsibilities among the various levels of government." This final ruledirectly regulates growers, food processors, food handlers and food retailers, not States. Thisaction does not alter the relationships or distribution of power and responsibilities established byCongress in the preemption provisions of FFDCA section 408(n)(4). For these same reasons, theAgency has determined that this rule does not have any "tribal implications" asdescribed in Executive Order 13175, entitled Consultation and Coordination withIndian Tribal Governments (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000). Executive Order 13175,requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure "meaningful and timely inputby tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies that have tribal implications.""Policies that have tribal implications" is defined in the Executive order to includeregulations that have "substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on therelationship between the Federal Government and the Indian tribes, or on the distribution ofpower and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes." This rulewill not have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the relationship between theFederal Government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilitiesbetween the Federal Government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. Thus,Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this rule.
VIII. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq. , as added by the SmallBusiness Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rulemay take effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes acopy of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the UnitedStates. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other required information to the U.S.Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United Statesprior to publication of this final rule in the Federal Register . This final rule isnot a "major rule" as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, Agricultural commodities,Pesticides and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: September 23, 2002.
Peter Caulkins,
Acting Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:
PART 180-[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:
Authority:
21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346(a) and 371.
2. Section 180.495 is amended as follows:
a. In the table to paragraph (a) by alphabetically adding the entries for beet, sugar, molasses; caneberry subgroup; fig; grape; grape, raisin; herb, dried, subgroup; herb, fresh, subgroup; milk; peanut; vegetable, root and tuber, group;
b. By revising the entries for cattle, fat; cattle, meat; cattle, meat byproducts; and milk, fat; and
c. By removing the entries for beet, garden, roots; beet, sugar, roots; milk, whole; and tuberous and corm vegetables (crop subgroup 1C).
d. In the table to paragraph (b) by removing the entries for beet, sugar; beet, sugar, molasses; milk, whole; milk, fat; and peanut.
§180.495 Spinosad; tolerances for residues.
(a) ***
| Commodity | Parts per million | Expiration/Revocation Date |
|---|---|---|
| ***** | ||
| Beet, sugar, molasses | 0.75 | None |
| ***** | ||
| Caneberry subgroup | 0.70 | None |
| ***** | ||
| Cattle, fat | 6.5 | None |
| Cattle, meat | 0.50 | None |
| Cattle, meat byproducts | 2.0 | None |
| ***** | ||
| Fig | 0.10 | None |
| ***** | ||
| Grape | 0.50 | None |
| Grape, raisin | 0.70 | None |
| ***** | ||
| Herb, dried, subgroup | 22 | None |
| Herb, fresh, subgroup | 3.0 | None |
| ***** | ||
| Milk | 2.5 | None |
| Milk, fat | 27 | None |
| ***** | ||
| Peanut | 0.02 | None |
| ***** | ||
| Vegetable, root and tuber, group | 0.10 | None |
| ***** |
[FR Doc. 02-24484 Filed 9-26-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-S